This method has been developed for a wide range of plants including Nicotiana, lettuce, tomato, and Arabidopsis. Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation offers a powerful alternative procedure for the characterization of gene function in plants, including analysis of gene promoter properties, transcription factor (TF) activity, and protein–protein interactions.
Thus, the deficiency of efficient genetic transformation systems is a handicap limiting functional genetics studies in roses.Īlthough stable integration of physiologically active and regulated transgenes is the ultimate goal, production and screening of stably transformed transgenic plants is time consuming even in the model plant Arabidopsis, where transformation techniques are well-established. Only a limited number of successful rose transformation protocols using somatic embryos have been reported. However, many rose cultivars are known to be recalcitrant to regeneration and hence to genetic transformation. In these studies, genetic transformation is an important tool for analysis of gene function. In recent years, molecular and genomic approaches have been used in roses to study the mechanisms regulating several ornamental traits such as pathogen resistance, continuous flowering, scent biosynthesis, flower color, and architecture. Rosa chinensis cv ‘Old Blush’ has therefore has been proposed as a model genotype to represent the group of Chinese roses in phylogenetic studies, petal genomics and scent production analysis. Rosa chinensis cv ‘Old Blush’ is one of the important progenitors of modern rose cultivars and regarded as the main contributor of some major traits, like recurrent flowering and components of the characteristic ‘tea scent’ of modern roses. The genus Rosa comprises about 200 species, among which only 8–20 species have contributed to the genetic make-up of our present cultivars. chinensis cv ‘Old Blush’ as a model plant to study diverse gene function and signaling pathways in Rosaceae. This transient transformation system was validated as a robust and efficient platform, thus providing a new option for gene function and signaling pathway investigation in roses and further extending the utility of R. This transient expression system was successfully applied to analysis of the gene promoter activities, DNA binding capacity of transcription factors, protein–protein interaction in physiological contexts using luciferase as a reporter gene. The most important factor affecting transformation efficiency in this system is seedling age 3/4-week-old rose shoots with or without roots from sub-culturing are optimal for transformation, requiring no complicated inoculation media, supplements, or carefully tuned plant growth conditions. chinensis cv ‘Old Blush’ seedlings in vitro as an expression system is described in this paper. ResultsĪ convenient and highly efficient Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation protocol using R. Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation offers a powerful tool for the characterization of gene function in plants. The deficiency of efficient genetic transformation systems is a handicap limiting functional genetics studies of roses. Rosa chinensis cv ‘Old Blush’ has been used as a model genotype in rose studies due to its contribution to recurrent flowering and tea scent traits of modern roses. Roses are widely used as garden ornamental plants and cut flowers.
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